Gem & Jewelry Laboratory
Standardized carat measurements, karat alloy gold purity calculations, Troy ounce precious metal valuations, and historic UK assay hallmark decoding.
1. Weight & Metal Configuration
2. Mass Equivalencies & Spot Valuation
Calculated on exactly 0.3215 ozt of premium alloy at a spot rate of $2350.00 per troy ounce. Always test purity before trade.
Explore Additional Utilities
Dialect vowel shift — IPA symbol ↔ regional pronunciation
Trace IPA vowel phonemes across global English dialects, analyzing shifts like the Northern Cities and Southern vowel rotations.
Bit size — horse mouth width ↔ mm/inch measurement
Convert horse mouth width measurement to proper bit sizing in inches, centimeters, and millimeters with clearance safety margins.
Scientific Temperature Scale
Convert scientific scales between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and Rankine thermal indicators.
Electrode size ↔ amperage range — stick welding
Match stick electrode sizes (3/32", 1/8", 5/32") and classes (E7018, E6010, E6013) with optimal welding amperage ranges.
Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level
Calculate readability scores and Flesch-Kincaid school grade levels for any input text in real-time.
Industrial & Tire Pressure Gauges
Convert heavy industrial or automotive pressure indicators across PSI, bar, kPa, and atm indexes.
Hyperfocal Distance Calculator
Calculate hyperfocal distance, near sharp limit, and depth of field range starting point for any focal length, aperture, and sensor format.
CFM ↔ m³/hour — air flow for ventilation
Convert ventilation air flow rates and reference standard design volumes for common room types and equipment hoods.
Key length ↔ security bits — RSA vs AES equivalence
Compare security levels (bits of security) across symmetric keys, RSA, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) based on NIST standards.
Standing timber volume — DBH + height → cubic meters
Calculate merchantable standing timber volume in cubic meters or board feet using Doyle, Scribner, or International rules.
Base64 Encoder
Encode textual strings to Base64 format, or decode Base64 back to raw text.
Aviation Fuel Weight Calculator
Calculate volume-to-weight changes for standard aviation fuels (Jet A-1, Avgas) across metric and imperial systems.
Flight Altitude Calibrator
Convert cruise altitudes between feet, meters, and flight levels, and estimate standard air temperature and oxygen rules.
DPI / PPI Converter
Convert image pixel dimensions into physical print sizes (inches/cm) at any target resolution.
AWG Cable Sizer
Convert American Wire Gauge (AWG) sizes to metric dimensions, and estimate current carrying capacity.
Mechanical Power (W ↔ hp)
Convert physical engine horsepower ratings, mechanical draft forces, and electric wattages.
No Claim Discount (NCD)
Track and project No Claim Discount percentages, claim-free year scales, and calculate potential premium savings with claim step-backs.
Slope & Contour Profiler
Calculate typographic slope gradients, percentage slopes, and angles from elevation contour differences.
Weight-Based Medication Dosing
Calculate safe weight-based medicine dosages, volume outputs, and administration frequency.
Salinity — PSU ↔ g/kg ↔ % — seawater concentration
Convert between Practical Salinity Units (PSU), salinity concentration in g/kg (ppt ‰), and percentage (%).