URL Encoder & Decoder
Safely encode illegal URL string sequences or decode clean string paths.
Explore Additional Utilities
Redshift ↔ recession velocity ↔ distance — Hubble law
Convert redshift to cosmic recession velocity and calculate galaxy distances.
Optical density ↔ transmittance — filter blocking level
Convert between Optical Density (OD), transmittance fraction/percentage, and attenuation factors for safety glasses.
Ink coverage — % coverage ↔ grams per sq meter
Estimate wet/dry printing ink consumption and layer weight based on sheet area and CMYK channel coverage percentages.
Duration Converter
Convert time intervals seamlessly between weeks, days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
Nail size — penny (d) ↔ mm ↔ inches length
Convert traditional penny (d) nail sizes to absolute physical lengths in millimeters and inches, including standard shank gauge and nail types.
Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level
Calculate readability scores and Flesch-Kincaid school grade levels for any input text in real-time.
Engine power ↔ hull speed — planing vs displacement
Estimate maximum displacement hull speeds (LWL formula) or calculate planing hull speeds using Crouch's classic marine formula.
No Claim Discount (NCD)
Track and project No Claim Discount percentages, claim-free year scales, and calculate potential premium savings with claim step-backs.
Reproductive Health Tracking Suite
Track menstrual cycles, predict ovulation day, fertile windows, and estimate pregnancy due dates & milestones.
Length Converter
Convert between meter, kilometer, centimeter, mile, yard, foot, inch, and more.
Premium Rate ↔ Sum Insured
Calculate basic insurance premium rates, loading factors, and sum insured relationships (percentage, permille, and absolute values).
Clothing Size Converter
Convert apparel sizes (XS to 3XL) across US, UK, European, and Asian standards.
Sample size calculator — confidence level ↔ margin of error
Determine required sample sizes for research surveys or experiments based on population size, confidence levels, and target margin of error.
Battery capacity — Ah ↔ Wh ↔ days of autonomy
Convert between Amp-hours (Ah) and Watt-hours (Wh) and calculate battery bank backup days of autonomy based on loads.
Weight Converter
Convert between kilogram, gram, pound, ounce, stone, and other mass units.
Script Character ↔ Word Counter
Analyze characters, spaces, punctuation, words, and word density. Convert text density predictions between CJK and Latin scripts.
Depth of Field (DoF) Calculator
Evaluate depth of field, near/far sharp limits, and circle of confusion based on sensor crop factor, focal length, aperture, and subject distance.
Engine displacement — cc ↔ cubic inches ↔ liters
Convert and calculate total engine volume in cc, cubic inches, and liters using cylinder bore, piston stroke, and cylinder count.
Shoe Size Converter
Convert footwear sizes across US, UK, Europe, and Japanese standards for men and women.
Paper weight — gsm ↔ lb bond ↔ lb cover ↔ lb text
Convert paper weights between Grams per Square Meter (GSM) and standard US basis weights (Bond, Text/Book, Cover).