WOODWORKING & CARPENTRYNail Sizer (Penny Weight ↔ Metric)

Woodworking & Carpentry Calculators

Interactive measurement conversions, precision joinery layouts, and material dimensioning tools optimized for cabinetmakers, builders, and hobbyist woodworkers.

Nail Sizer (Penny Weight ↔ Metric)

Cross-reference standard penny (d) nail sizes with physical lengths in inches and millimeters, shank diameters, and typical shear uses.

Nail Size Search & Filter

The Penny Standard (d)

The abbreviation 'd' stands for penny, a traditional sizing unit originating in 15th-century England, where it referred to the price in pence for one hundred hand-forged nails (e.g., 100 8d nails cost 8 pence).

As a rule of thumb, each penny step corresponds to an increase of 1/4 inch in nail length up to 10d, and larger steps thereafter.

Penny Sizing Table & Reference

2d
Length: 1" (25.4 mm)Shank: 1.83 mm

Typical use: Light trim, box assembly, small crafts

3d
Length: 1-1/4" (31.8 mm)Shank: 2.11 mm

Typical use: Cabinet backings, light moldings

4d
Length: 1-1/2" (38.1 mm)Shank: 2.51 mm

Typical use: Casing, thin panels, lattice

5d
Length: 1-3/4" (44.5 mm)Shank: 2.51 mm

Typical use: Fences, laths, box joints

6d
Length: 2" (50.8 mm)Shank: 2.87 mm

Typical use: Light framing, subfloors, siding

7d
Length: 2-1/4" (57.2 mm)Shank: 2.87 mm

Typical use: Shingles, general construction

8d
Length: 2-1/2" (63.5 mm)Shank: 3.25 mm

Typical use: Framer standard, deck boards, subfloors

9d
Length: 2-3/4" (69.9 mm)Shank: 3.25 mm

Typical use: General exterior assembly

10d
Length: 3" (76.2 mm)Shank: 3.76 mm

Typical use: Heavy framing, studs, structural joins

12d
Length: 3-1/4" (82.6 mm)Shank: 3.76 mm

Typical use: Double top plates, rafters, joists

16d
Length: 3-1/2" (88.9 mm)Shank: 4.11 mm

Typical use: Truss joints, heavy structural timber framing

20d
Length: 4" (101.6 mm)Shank: 4.88 mm

Typical use: Heavy landscaping timbers, timber retaining walls

30d
Length: 4-1/2" (114.3 mm)Shank: 5.26 mm

Typical use: Pole barns, heavy timber framing

40d
Length: 5" (127 mm)Shank: 5.72 mm

Typical use: Heavy log cabins, railway ties

60d
Length: 6" (152.4 mm)Shank: 6.76 mm

Typical use: Massive bridges, log construction, spikes

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