ND Filter Compensation
Convert between ND labels and calculate compensated exposure times for creative long exposure.
Base exposure of 1/125s scaled up by 1024x to compensate for glass density.
💡 Long Exposure Note: Extending your shutter speed from tiny fractions to seconds using ND filters lets you turn moving water, clouds, or crowds into ethereal, painterly mist.
Explore Additional Utilities
Shoe Size Converter
Convert footwear sizes across US, UK, Europe, and Japanese standards for men and women.
Enthalpy ↔ temperature ↔ pressure — steam tables
Estimate saturated water and steam properties including boiling point, saturated pressure, and enthalpies.
Knitting Gauge Converter
Convert knitting and crochet stitches and rows count between centimeters and inches.
Brace height ↔ bow limb angle — performance tuning
Calculate bow limb angle and string tension variations based on brace height adjustments for optimal bow tuning.
Barometric Pressure Tendency Analyzer
Analyze changes in barometric pressure over time to predict short-term local weather trends.
Soil Plasticity Index Calculator
Calculate Plasticity Index (PI) from Liquid Limit (LL) and Plastic Limit (PL), and interpret soil state using the Atterberg limits chart.
Blowpipe rotation speed ↔ gravity sag correction
Determine optimal rotation speed (RPM) to keep glass centered and correct gravity sag based on viscosity states.
Forge temperature — color ↔ degrees Celsius — black to white heat
Reference forging heat ranges with equivalent temperature degrees and workability levels.
Etching time — acid strength ↔ plate depth ↔ minutes
Estimate intaglio plate etching durations in nitric acid or ferric chloride based on metal type and Baumé strength.
Visual Acuity Converter
Convert visual acuity measurements between Snellen US (20/20), Snellen Metric (6/6), decimal, LogMAR, and Percentage systems.
Cabochon dome height ↔ base diameter ratio
Calculate cabochon dome proportions, bezel edge thickness, and curvature radii based on base shapes.
Frequency ↔ Wavelength (Sound)
Convert between sound frequency and wavelength in air or water, considering temperature and medium sound speed variations.
Gear ratio (input RPM ↔ output RPM ↔ torque)
Calculate gear ratios and convert input RPM and torque to output values based on compound single or double-stage tooth configurations.
Stellar luminosity — absolute magnitude ↔ solar luminosities
Convert star absolute magnitude to standard solar luminosity units (L⊙).
Arena size — competition level ↔ minimum dimensions
Determine dressage, show jumping, and other arena standard dimensions and layouts by competition level.
Batting average ↔ on base percentage — baseball stats
Convert batting average, walks, and plate appearances into On-Base Percentage (OBP).
Safety glass thickness ↔ impact resistance rating
Calculate safety glass thickness requirements and impact resistance (Tempered vs. Laminated).
Net metering — units exported ↔ bill credit estimate
Estimate utility bill credits, net energy offsets, and financial yields under 1:1 net metering or dual-rate net billing programs.
Octave Band Converter
Calculate center frequencies, upper/lower band limits, and bandwidths for fractional octave bands (1/1, 1/3 octaves).
Glide ratio (L/D) — distance ↔ height lost
Convert lift-to-drag glide ratio into horizontal distance reached versus vertical altitude loss under zero-wind and head/tailwind conditions.