Plumbing & Pipework Calculations
Industrial and residential grade reference calculators for sizing, flow velocity, surge hydraulics, threading cross-references, hot water load ratings, and drainage pitch offsets.
Pipe Threads
Compare thread standards: NPT tapered, BSP (BSPT/BSPP), and metric parallel threads. Includes major/minor diameter, TPI, pitch, and seal mechanics.
Thread Size Lookup
**NPT** (National Pipe Thread) is standard in North America and has a **60° thread angle** with tapered threads. **BSP** (British Standard Pipe) is standard in Europe/Asia and has a **55° thread angle**. NPT threads do NOT fit BSP threads safely due to differences in pitch (TPI) and angle.
Thread Standard Specification Comparison (1/2")
**NPT** and **BSPT** are tapered threads. They achieve pressure-tight seals along the threads themselves, meaning you **MUST** apply thread sealant (PTFE Teflon tape or pipe joint compound) to fill thread gaps.
**BSPP** (British Standard Pipe Parallel) threads are straight parallel threads. They do not seal on the threads; instead, they **MUST** seal using a soft copper crush washer, flat gasket, or elastomeric O-ring against a shoulder.
General Plumbing & Pipework Reference Guidelines
Ensure calculations correspond to relevant ASTM, ISO, or ASHRAE standards. Always cross-verify fluid speed ratings, pipe threads, and drain grade requirements with local municipal building and plumbing codes before active installation.
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