Welding & Metallurgy Calculators
Determine professional welding setups, preheating conditions, steel grades equivalence lookups, hardness scales, and joint geometry.
Steel Grade Equivalents
Cross-reference standard steel grades across ASTM/AISI, EN/DIN, and JIS systems. Includes chemical composition and key mechanical limits.
Weldable Alloys Search
Equivalency Standards Key
• ASTM / AISI: Unified Numbering System (UNS) used heavily in North America.
• EN / DIN: European Committee for Standardization. Includes Werkstoff Number (e.g., 1.4301).
• JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards, widely used across Asian manufacturing.
C: ≤ 0.25% | Mn: 0.80 - 1.20% | Si: ≤ 0.40%
Alloying: P ≤ 0.04%, S ≤ 0.05%
General structural steel, bolted/welded frames, gussets, bridges, and brackets.
C: 0.15 - 0.20% | Mn: 0.60 - 0.90% | Si: 0.15 - 0.35%
Alloying: P ≤ 0.04%, S ≤ 0.05%
Low carbon cold rolled steel, shafts, gears, pins, spindles, and easy formability welding.
C: 0.43 - 0.50% | Mn: 0.60 - 0.90% | Si: 0.15 - 0.35%
Alloying: P ≤ 0.04%, S ≤ 0.05%
Medium carbon steel, highly heat treatable. Gears, crankshafts, studs, keys, and heavy pins.
C: 0.28 - 0.33% | Mn: 0.40 - 0.60% | Si: 0.15 - 0.35%
Alloying: Cr 0.8-1.1%, Mo 0.15-0.25%
High tensile alloy. Bicycle frames, roll cages, structural aircraft joints, pressure cylinders.
C: 0.38 - 0.43% | Mn: 0.75 - 1.00% | Si: 0.15 - 0.35%
Alloying: Cr 0.8-1.1%, Mo 0.15-0.25%
High fatigue strength gears, bolts, axles, connection shafts, and heavy duty machine spindles.
C: ≤ 0.08% | Mn: ≤ 2.00% | Si: ≤ 1.00%
Alloying: Cr 18.0-20.0%, Ni 8.0-10.5%
Food processing vessels, kitchen machinery, architectural railings, chemical tanks.
C: ≤ 0.08% | Mn: ≤ 2.00% | Si: ≤ 1.00%
Alloying: Cr 16-18%, Ni 10-14%, Mo 2-3%
Marine accessories, chemical reactors, medical tooling, and high corrosion environments.
C: 1.40 - 1.60% | Mn: ≤ 0.60% | Si: ≤ 0.60%
Alloying: Cr 11-13%, Mo 0.7-1.2%, V 0.5-1.1%
High carbon/chromium cold work steel. Shear blades, punch dies, thread rolling, stamping.
C: 0.90 - 1.05% | Mn: 1.00 - 1.40% | Si: ≤ 0.50%
Alloying: Cr 0.5-0.7%, W 0.5-0.7%, V 0.1-0.3%
Oil hardening tool steel. Woodworking cutters, paper cutting knives, drills, and gauge blocks.
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